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Monday, January 30, 2023

Pluto

Pluto is a dwarf planet located in the Kuiper belt, a region of the solar system beyond Neptune. It was discovered in 1930 by Clyde Tombaugh, an American astronomer. At the time of its discovery, Pluto was considered the ninth planet in our solar system. However, in 2006, the International Astronomical Union reclassified Pluto as a "dwarf planet," due to its small size and irregular shape.

Pluto is about 2,377 kilometers in diameter, making it the largest known dwarf planet. It has five known moons: Charon, Styx, Nix, Kerberos, and Hydra. Charon is the largest of Pluto's moons and is nearly half the size of Pluto itself. Charon and Pluto are also unique among celestial bodies in that they orbit a point outside of both of their bodies, called the barycenter.

Pluto's surface is composed mostly of rock and ice, with the ice being mostly methane and nitrogen. It has a reddish color due to the presence of tholins, which are organic compounds that form when methane is exposed to ultraviolet radiation. The surface of Pluto also has large mountains, which are made of water ice.

Pluto has a very thin atmosphere, which is mostly composed of nitrogen. The atmosphere expands and contracts as Pluto moves closer and farther away from the sun. At its closest approach to the sun, the temperature on Pluto's surface can reach -229 °C and at its farthest point from the sun, temperatures can drop to -238 °C.

Pluto has a highly tilted orbit, which means that it spends a majority of its time far away from the sun. Its orbit is also highly elliptical, which means that it comes closer to the sun than Neptune does at some points in its orbit. This led to a debate among scientists about whether Pluto should be considered a planet or not, eventually resulting in its reclassification as a "dwarf planet."

In 2015, NASA's New Horizons spacecraft flew by Pluto and its moons, providing the first close-up images of the dwarf planet and its surroundings. The mission revealed a diverse landscape on Pluto, including ice mountains, glaciers, and a large plain that has been informally named Sputnik Planum. The spacecraft also found evidence of a subsurface ocean and active geology on Pluto.

In recent years, scientists have discovered other objects in the Kuiper belt that are similar in size and composition to Pluto, leading to further debate about the definition of a "planet." Some scientists argue that Pluto should be reclassified as a planet again, while others argue that the definition of a planet should be expanded to include all objects in the solar system that meet certain criteria.

Overall, Pluto is a unique and fascinating object in our solar system, with a diverse surface and a complex history. New Horizons mission was a major milestone for understanding this fascinating object and its place in the solar system.

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Sunday, January 29, 2023

Jupiter

Jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system, and it is often referred to as a "gas giant." This is because it is mostly made up of hydrogen and helium, with small amounts of other gases such as methane, ammonia, and water vapor. Jupiter has a strong magnetic field and a system of rings, similar to those of Saturn.

Jupiter has 79 known moons, the

largest of which are Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto, known as the Galilean moons. These moons were first observed by Galileo Galilei in 1610 and have been studied extensively since then. Io is the most volcanically active body in the solar system, while Europa is believed to have a subsurface ocean of liquid water. Ganymede is the largest moon in the solar system and is the only moon known to have a magnetic field.

Jupiter has a very strong and visible Great Red Spot, which is a giant storm that has been raging for at least 350 years. The Great Red Spot is a high-pressure region that is larger than the size of the Earth. It is not known exactly what causes the red color, but it is thought to be a result of complex chemical reactions involving sulfur and other elements.

Jupiter has been known since ancient times and has been known by many different cultures under different names. The ancient Babylonians named it "Marduk" and in ancient China it was known as "the wood star." The ancient Romans named it after their god Jupiter.

Jupiter has been studied extensively by astronomers, both with ground-based telescopes and with space-based instruments such as the Hubble Space Telescope and the Galileo spacecraft. In recent years, NASA's Juno spacecraft has been studying Jupiter in detail, providing new insights into the planet's atmosphere and magnetic field.

Jupiter has been known to have a strong influence on the solar system. Its gravity affects the orbits of other planets, and it is believed to have played a role in the formation of the solar system. Jupiter's gravity also affects comets and asteroids, sometimes causing them to collide with the planet or be sent on collision courses with other planets.

In summary, Jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system, mostly composed of hydrogen and helium. It has a strong magnetic field and a system of rings, as well as 79 known moons, including the four largest known as the Galilean moons. Jupiter has a visible Great Red Spot, a giant storm that has been raging for at least 350 years. The planet has been known since ancient times and has been studied extensively by astronomers. Jupiter has a strong influence on the solar system through its gravity affecting the orbits of other planets and comets.

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Wednesday, July 13, 2022

The brain of elephant

The unique brain of an elephant

August 12, 2018

Conservationists have observed August 12 as World Elephant Day to raise awareness about the conservation of these magnificent animals. Elephants have many fascinating features, from their incredibly magnificent trunks to their memory abilities and complex social lives.

But their brains are rarely discussed, although the reason is that the brain of such a large animal is quite large (about 12 pounds). In fact, until recently, little was actually known about the elephant's brain, in part because it is extremely difficult to obtain well-preserved tissue suitable for microscopic studies.

The door was opened by the first efforts of neurobiologist Paul Menger at the University of the Witwatersrand in South Africa, who in 2009 obtained permission to extract and preserve the brains of three African elephants as part of a larger population management. But had to be killed. Strategies In this way we have learned more about the elephant brain than ever before in the last 10 years.

1 second out of 30 seconds

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The research shared here was conducted in 2009-2011 in collaboration with Paul Menger of Colorado College, Columbia University anthropologist Chat Sherwood and Patrick Hoff, a neuroscientist at the Icon School of Medicine in Mount Sinai. Our goal was to find the shapes and sizes of neurons in the elephant cortex.

My lab group has long been interested in the shape or form of neurons in mammalian cortex. The cortex forms a thin, outer layer of neurons (nerve cells) that cover the two cerebral hemispheres. It is closely related to higher cognitive functions such as integrated voluntary movement, integration of sensory information, sociocultural learning and memory storage that define an individual.

These images illustrate the process of removing a small portion of the cerebral cortex from the right cerebral hemisphere of an elephant. This tissue is stained and placed on a slide of glass so that, under a microscope, one can see individual neurons and trace them in three directions. Photo by Robert Jacobs.

The arrangement and shape of neurons in the cortex is relatively similar in mammals - or so we thought after decades of research into human and non-human primate brains, and the brains of mice and cats. As we found when we were able to analyze the elephant's brain, the shapes of the elephant's cortical neurons are very different from what we have ever seen before.

How neurons are perceived and quantified.

The process of detecting neuronal morphology begins with scarring of brain tissue when it lasts for a certain period of time (chemically preserved). In our laboratory we use a technique more than 125 years old called the Golgi stain, named after the Italian biologist and Nobel laureate Camilo Golgi (1843-1926).

This method laid the foundation for modern neuroscience. For example, the Spanish neurovanatomist and Nobel laureate Santiago Ramon y Cajal (1852-1934) used this technique to provide a roadmap for what neurons look like and how they are connected to each other.

Golgi scars affect only a small percentage of neurons, leaving individual cells relatively isolated with a clear background. It represents dendrites, or branches, that form the acceptable surface area of these neurons. Just as the branches on a tree provide light for photosynthesis, so do dendrites in neurons, allowing cells to receive and synthesize information from other cells. The more complex the dendritic systems, the more information a particular neuron can handle.

Once we spot neurons, we can detect them in three dimensions under a microscope with the help of computers and special software, which reflect the complex geometry of neuronal networks. In this study, we traced 75 neurons in elephants. Each tracing took one to five hours, depending on the complexity of the cell.

What do elephant neurons look like?

Even after years of research, it is still interesting to see the tissue under a microscope for the first time. Each scar is a walk in a different nerve forest. When we examined the tissue parts of the elephant, it was clear that the basic architecture of the elephant cortex was different from any other mammal that has been examined to this day - including its close relatives, the manatee. And rock hierarchies.

Detection of the most common neurons (pyramidal neurons) in the cerebral cortex of many species. Note that elephants have large branches of apical dendrites, while all other species have more single, ascending apical dendrites. Scale bar = 100 micrometers (or 0.004 of an inch). Photo by Bob Jacobs.

There are three major differences between the cortical neurons found in elephants and those found in other mammals.

First, the dominant cortical neuron in mammals is the pyramidal neuron. These elephants are also prominent in the cortex, but their structure is very different. Instead of having a single dendrite that comes from the top of the cell (called apical dendrite), the apical dendrites in elephants usually form large branches as they ascend to the surface of the brain. Instead of a single, long branch like a pine tree, the elephant apical dendrite resembles two human arms reaching upwards.

A type of cortical neuron in elephants that is rare if ever observed in the cortex of other mammals. Note that all of these are characteristic of dendrites that spread from the back of the cell body, sometimes at great distances. Scale bar = 100 micrometers (or 0.004 of an inch). Photo by Bob Jacobs.

Second, elephants exhibit a much wider range of cortical neurons than other species. Some of these, such as flat pyramidal neurons, are not found in other mammals. One of the characteristics of these neurons is that their dendrites travel long distances from the cell body. In other words, like the apical dendrites of the pyramid cells, these dendrites also spread like human arms up to the sky.

Third, the total length of pyramidal neuron dendrites in elephants is equal to that of humans. However, they are configured differently. The neurons of the human pyramid have a large number of short branches, while the elephant has a very small number of very long branches. While the neurons in the primitive pyramid appear to be designed to sample very accurate inputs, the dendritic configuration in elephants suggests that their dendrites sample a very wide range of inputs from a variety of sources.

Taken together, these morphological features suggest that neurons in the elephant cortex can synthesize a wider range of inputs than cortical neurons in other mammals.

Cognitively, my colleagues and I believe that the integrative cortical circuit in elephants supports the idea that they are primarily meditative animals. Primate brains, by contrast, are known for their quick decision-making and quick response to environmental stimuli.

A toothless elephant shows compassion for a young orphaned elephant trying to find its way into a Kenyan bush.

Researchers like Dr. Joyce Poole's observations on the natural habitat of elephants show that elephants are indeed thinking, understanding, curious and thinking creatures. Their large brains, with such a diverse collection of interconnected, complex neurons, appear to provide the neural basis for the elephant's state-of-the-art cognitive abilities, including social communication, tool building and use, and creative issues. Solutions, empathy and self-knowledge, including ideology. Of the brain

The brains of all species are unique. In fact, even the brains of certain species are unique. However, the special shape of the elephant's cortical neurons reminds us that there are definitely more than one way to wire the intelligent brain.

Bottom line: The cells that transmit nerve impulses to this part of the elephant's brain, which are responsible for functions such as learning and memory, are different in structure from other mammals.

The heart of birds

Functioning of the bird's circulatory system

Learn about the heart of birds and the circulatory system of birds. Discover how the heart chambers and circulatory systems of birds are similar and different from those of mammals.

Birdheart: How many chambers does a birdheart have?

Bird circulation system

Birdheart: How many chambers does a birdheart have?

The circulatory system is defined as a bodily system whose primary function is to carry oxygenated blood throughout the body, and the vital organ that does so is the heart. Like the hearts of mammals, a bird's heart has four chambers. The upper two chambers are called the atria, while the lower two chambers are called the ventricles. The functions of the four chambers resemble the heart of a mammal. The four chambers are important because they ensure that oxygenated blood and deoxygenated blood are kept separate. Oxygenated blood is blood that contains oxygen, while deoxygenated blood is blood that does not contain oxygen. Oxygenated blood is found only in the heart and lungs, while oxygenated blood can be found throughout the body as it is being transported to all cells in the body.

Each chamber of the bird's heart has a specific function. The left ventricle sends oxygenated blood to the body. This oxygenated blood comes from the left atria. The right ventricle sends deoxygenated blood to the lungs and the respiratory system collects oxygen. The right ventricle receives this deoxygenated blood from the right atria before sending it to the lungs.

The four chambers of the heart make sure that there is no mixture of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.

The heart of a bird compared to the human heart

Birds are one of the few non-mammals with a four-chambered heart. While birds and mammals share a four-chambered heart, birds have some significant differences from the human heart. First of all, it is larger than the body of a bird compared to the human heart. Due to the energy required for flight, and other daily activities of the bird, such as swimming, running, and in some cases, migration, the bird must have a circulatory system and heart that can maintain an active lifestyle. Thus because of the big heart. The volume of heart stroke is another important difference between bird and human hearts. The volume of stroke is the amount of blood that is pumped to the rest of the body each time the heart contracts. Considering the size of the bird's heart, it is able to pump more blood with each contraction than the human heart. Similarly, the heartbeat of birds is faster than that of humans. The average human heart rate is 60 to 100 beats per minute, while the bird's heart rate is 192 to 396 beats per minute.

The hearts of birds, while ultimately of the same structure, can still vary depending on the type of species. Different species of birds have adapted over time to use different skills and behaviors based on their habitat, food preference, and flight patterns. A bird that is primarily adapted to glide using the air updraft does not need to pump its blood as fast as a bird that flutters its wings to push and lift. Adapted.

One of the major functions of the circulatory system is to pump oxygenated blood and nutrients throughout the body. The heart will pump oxygenated blood to the lungs to absorb oxygen through the pulmonary veins. Because birds' hearts pump faster, birds have more pulmonary veins than humans that help carry blood.

Notice the difference in the size of the ventricles. One can observe the muscles growing around the ventricles of the bird's heart.

What is the circulatory system?

Imagine yourself running on a cold autumn day. The sun is shining and the leaves are changing color. You may feel your body pumping blood, which gives you strength through exercise throughout the day. When you are running, your heart is working hard to pump blood, which carries oxygen and nutrients throughout your body so that you can produce energy. Your heart, blood, and the vessels that carry it are collectively called the circulatory system. All animals have a circulatory system, and today we are going to look at the structure and function of the circulatory system of birds, which are amazingly similar to our humans.

Bird circulation system

Like the mammal's circulatory system, the bird's circulatory system consists of veins, arteries, and capillaries. After delivering oxygen and nutrients to all parts of the body, the veins bring oxygenated blood back to the heart. Arteries are responsible for carrying oxygenated blood to all parts of the body. The capillary is a small vessel in the circulatory system that supplies blood and nutrients to cells. Capillaries are also responsible for removing cell waste products. An example of a cell waste product is carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is carried into the lungs to be expelled from the body.

Structure of the Bird Circulation System

To begin with, let's start with the heart, which is like the boss of the circulatory system. In birds and mammals, the heart is divided into four parts, called chambers. The heart's job is to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the body through the blood. When blood is in the body, oxygen is used to make energy.

The blood then flows to the heart in the first chamber, or right atrium, through the blood vessels called the veins, which carry all the blood to the heart. From the right atrium, deoxygenated blood travels to the right ventricle. The right ventricle is a large chamber that carries blood to the lungs.

In the lungs, the blood carries oxygen and travels to the left atrium of the heart. The left atrium pumps blood to the left ventricle, the strongest chamber of the heart. The left ventricle's job is to pump blood throughout the body through the arteries, so it needs a thick wall of muscle to do such a big job. From there, the process is repeated with each heartbeat.

Only the heart of birds and mammals has four chambers. The goal is to efficiently distribute oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. Other animals have two chambers in their heart or no chamber in their heart so all the blood gets mixed together. To be the most efficient at delivering oxygen, we want to keep the oxygenated blood flowing to the body and the de-oxygenated blood returning to the heart to get more oxygen.

Draw a street. Cars on the roads are like blood in our bodies. Our streets usually have two or more lanes. One you can imagine going to the city, and the other goes to the country. With two lanes, traffic can easily flow in two directions. However, if there were no lanes, all traffic would merge together, going in both directions. There will probably be a lot of accidents and people will not be able to get to where they are going so effectively. This is why a heart with 4 chambers is helpful for an animal that needs a lot of energy. Next, let's look at some other adaptations of the bird's circulatory system.

The size of a bird's heart

The heart of a bird, although similar to mammals, has a slightly different structure for their lifestyle. Birds have larger hearts than mammals. A human heart is about 0.4% of our body weight, while a bird's heart can be up to 4% of its body weight!

What is the circulatory system?

Structure of the Bird Circulation System

The size of a bird's heart

Frequently Asked Questions

How many times per minute does a bird's heart beat?

The heartbeat of a bird depends on the species. For example, a domestic fowl beats at 245 beats per minute, while a hummingbird beats at 1260 beats per minute.

Why is the bird's circulatory system efficient?

The four-chambered heart of a bird ensures that oxygenated blood and deoxygenated blood never mix. Separating oxygenated blood from deoxygenated blood ensures that the highest concentration of oxygen in the blood is delivered to the cells.

What is the difference between a bird's heart and a human heart?

A bird's heart is larger than its body size, while a human heart is larger than its human body size.

Heart

Your heart is an important part of your cardiovascular system, a network of blood vessels that pumps blood throughout your body. It also works with other body systems to control your heart rate and blood pressure. Your family history, personal health history and lifestyle all affect how your heart works.

What is the heart?

The heart is a fist-shaped organ that pumps blood throughout your body. It is the main organ of your circulatory system.

Your heart has four main chambers made up of muscles and moves by electrical impulses. Your brain and nervous system direct the work of your heart.

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What does the outline of the heart look like?

There are components inside and outside your heart that direct blood flow:

Inside the heart

Out of heart

Function

What is the function of the heart?

The primary function of your heart is to carry blood throughout your body. Your heart too:

Controls your heart rate and rhythm.

Maintains your blood pressure.

How does your heart work with other organs?

Your heart works with other body systems to control your heartbeat and other bodily functions. The basic systems are:

Nervous system: Your nervous system helps control your heartbeat. It sends signals to your heart to beat slowly during rest and fast during stress.

Endocrine System: Your endocrine system sends hormones. These hormones are said to narrow or relax your blood vessels, which affects your blood pressure. Hormones from your thyroid gland can also tell your heart to beat faster or slower.

Anatomy

Where is your heart

Your heart is in front of your chest. It sits slightly back and to the left of your sternum. Your ribs protect your heart.

Where is your heart

Your heart is a little on the left side of your body. It sits between your right and left lungs. The left lung is slightly smaller to make room for the heart in your left chest.

How big is your heart?

Everyone's heart is a little different in size. In general, the hearts of adults are about the same size as two closed fists, and the hearts of children are about the size of a fist.

How much does your heart weigh?

On average, an adult's heart weighs about 10 ounces. Your heart may weigh a little more or a little less depending on your body size and gender.

What are the parts of heart anatomy?

Parts of your heart are like parts of a home. In your heart is:

Walls

Chambers.

Valves (doors).

Blood vessels (plumbing).

Electrical transmission system (electricity).

The walls of the heart.

The walls of your heart are the muscles that contract and relax to send blood throughout your body. A layer of muscle tissue called the septum divides the walls of your heart to the left and right.

There are three layers to the walls of your heart:

Endocardium: inner layer.

Myocardium: The middle layer of muscle.

Epicardium: The protective outer layer.

The epicardium is a layer of your pericardium. The pericardium is a protective sac that covers your entire heart. It produces fluid to lubricate your heart and prevent it from rubbing against other organs.

Chambers of the heart

Your heart is divided into four chambers. Above you are two chambers (atrium, aggregate atria) and two below (ventricles), one on each side of the heart.

Right atrium: Two large veins carry oxygen-deprived blood to your right atrium. The superior vena cava carries blood from your upper body. The inferior vena cava carries blood from the lower part of the body. The right atrium then pumps blood to your right ventricle.

Right ventricle: The lower right chamber pumps oxygen deprived blood to your lungs through the pulmonary artery. The lungs reload the blood with oxygen.

Left atrium: After filling the lungs with oxygen, the pulmonary veins carry blood to the left atrium. This upper chamber pumps blood into your left ventricle.

Left ventricle: The left ventricle is slightly larger than the right. It pumps oxygen-rich blood to the rest of your body.

Heart valves

Your heart valves are like doors between the chambers of your heart. They open and close to allow blood to flow.

Atrioventricular (AV) valves open between the chambers of your upper and lower heart. These include:

Tricuspid valve: The door between your right atrium and the right ventricle.

Mitral valve: The door between your left atrium and the left ventricle.

Semilunar (SL) valves open when blood leaks from your ventricles. These include:

Aortic valve: When blood flows from your left ventricle to your aorta (the artery that carries oxygenated blood to your body).

Pulmonary valve: Opens when blood flows from your right ventricle to your pulmonary arteries (the only arteries that carry oxygen deficient blood to your lungs).

Blood vessels

Your heart pumps blood through three types of blood:

The arteries carry oxygen-rich blood from your heart to your body tissues. The exception is your pulmonary arteries, which go into your lungs.

The veins carry oxygen-deprived blood to your heart.

Capillaries are small blood vessels where your body exchanges oxygen-rich and oxygen-deprived blood.

Your heart receives nutrients through the coronary artery network. These arteries run along the surface of your heart. They serve the heart themselves.

Electronic transmission system

Your heart's transmission system is like a home's electrical wires. It controls the rhythm and speed of your heartbeat. These include:

Sinotrail (SA) node: Sends signals that increase your heart rate.

Atrioventricular (AV) node: conducts electrical signals from the upper chambers of your heart to its lower part.

You also have a network of electrical bundles and fibers in your heart. This network includes:

Left Bundle Branch: Sends electrical impulses to your left ventricle.

Right Bundle Branch: Sends electric impulses to your right ventricle.

Its bundle: sends movements from your AV node to Purkinje fibers.

Porcine fibers: Squeeze the ventricles of your heart and pump blood.

Conditions and disorders

What conditions and disorders affect the human heart?

Heart conditions are one of the most common types of disorders affecting people. In the United States, heart disease is the leading cause of death for people of all genders and most ethnic and racial groups.

Common situations that affect your heart include:

Atrial fibrillation (AFB): Irregular electrical stimulation in your atrium.

Arrhythmia: The heart beats very fast, very slow or with irregular rhythm.

Cardiomyopathy: Abnormally thickening, enlargement, or tightening of your heart muscle.

Heart failure: When your heart is too hard or too weak to pump blood throughout your body properly.

Coronary artery disease: plaque formation that narrows the coronary arteries.

Heart attack (myocardial infarction): A sudden blockage in a coronary artery that cuts off oxygen to the part of your heart muscle.

Pericarditis: Inflammation of the lining of your heart (pericardium).

take care of

How can I keep my heart healthy?

If you have a condition that affects your heart, follow your healthcare provider's treatment plan. It is important to take the prescribed medication.

You can also make lifestyle changes to keep your heart healthy. You can:

Gain and maintain a healthy weight according to your gender and age.

Drink moderate amounts of alcohol.

Eat a heart-healthy diet with plenty of fruits, vegetables and whole grains.

Exercise moderately for at least 150 minutes per week.

Limit your sodium intake.

Manage your stress with healthy strategies like meditation or journalism.

Quit smoking and / or using tobacco products and avoid second hand smoke.

Frequently Asked Questions

What should I ask my doctor about my heart?

You can ask your healthcare provider:

How does my family history affect my heart health?

What can I do to lower my blood pressure?

How does my cholesterol level affect my heart?

What are the symptoms of a heart attack?

What foods should I eat to prevent heart disease?

A note from the Cleveland Clinic

Your heart is the main organ of your circulatory system. It pumps blood throughout your body, regulates your heart rate and maintains blood pressure. Your heart is a little like home. It has walls, rooms, doors, plumbing and electrical systems. All parts of your heart work together to send blood and nutrients to your other organs. There are some common types of situations that affect your heart. Ask your healthcare provider how you can improve your heart health. (Exercise)

Friday, May 13, 2022

Cobra Snake

Reptiles

Cobra

snake

Cobras, any of the various species of highly venomous snakes, most of which spread their ribs to form hoods. Although the hood is a characteristic of the cobra, they do not all have a deep connection. Cobras are found from South Africa through South Asia to the islands of Southeast Asia. Throughout their range, various species of snakes are a favorite, frightening them into managing their defensive posture. The snake swings in response to the movement and perhaps to the music of the charmer, who knows how to avoid a relatively slow strike and who may have pulled out the snake's teeth. In the front of the mouth, small teeth have a closed duct, which releases toxins. Cobra venom usually contains neurotoxins that are active against the prey's nervous system - mainly small snakes and other snakes. Biting, especially from large species, can be fatal depending on the amount of poison. Neurotoxins affect breathing, and although antivirals are effective, they should be given immediately after a bite. Thousands die each year in South and Southeast Asia.

Cobra

The largest venomous snake in the world is the King Cobra, or Hamdriad (Ophio Figus hanna). Found in forests from India to Southeast Asia to the Philippines and Indonesia, it preys mainly on other snakes. The maximum verified length is 5.6 meters (18 feet), but not more than 3.6 meters (12 feet) at most. King cobras protect the nest of 20 to 40 eggs, which are housed in a mound of leaves collected by the female. If a hunter or someone comes too close, the guardian parents will attack. Not all cobras are egg layers.

King Cobra, the world's largest venomous snake.

King Cobra

Watch the Herpes Pest Mango attack and kill its common prey, a venomous Asian cobra.

A mangosteen (herpes) attacks an Asian cobra (Naja Naja).

The Indian cobra (or Indian-eyed cobra, naja naja) was formerly considered to be the same species, with a distribution similar to that of the king cobra. Recently, however, biologists have discovered that there are about a dozen species in Asia, some of which are poisonous and some not. They vary in size (mostly between 1.25 and 1.75 meters) and their venom toxicity. Spitters pass the venom through their teeth, squeezing the muscles of the venom ducts and forcing air out of one of the lungs.

Indian Cobra, or Cobra with Indian Eyes (Naja Naja)

The head and neck area of the Indian cobra, or Indian cobra (Naja Naja).

There are spitting and non-spitting cobras in Africa, but African cobras are not related to Asian cobras, nor are they related to each other. The South African Ringhal, or Spitting Cobra) and Black-necked Cobra (Naja nigricollis), a small form widely distributed in Africa, are spitting. The venom is properly applied to the victim's eyes more than two meters away and can cause temporary, or even permanent, blindness unless it is immediately washed. Egyptian cobra (N. haje) - Probably a dark, narrow-headed species from ancient times, about two meters long, extending from Africa and east to Arabia. Its usual prey consists of frogs and birds. The tree cobra (genus Pseudohaje) is found in Equatorial Africa, along with mambas and the only aquatic animal in the Elapidae family.

Black-necked Cobra (Naja Negriculus)

Black-necked Cobra (Naja Negriculus).

Thursday, May 12, 2022

Michael Jackson

Who was Michael Jackson?

How did Michael Jackson die?

Where was Michael Jackson born?

How did Michael Jackson become famous?

What were Michael Jackson's exploits?

Michael Jackson, formerly Michael Joseph Jackson or Michael Joe Jackson (see researcher's note), (born August 29, 1958, Gary, Indiana, USA - died June 25, 2009, Los Angeles, California), American singer, songwriter Nigar, and dancers who were the world's most popular entertainers in the early and mid-1980's. Growing up in Gary, Indiana, in one of the most famous musical families of the Rock era, Michael Jackson was the youngest of five brothers and the most talented to be raised by his father, Joseph, in a wonderful group of Child Stars. Shape called Jackson 5. In addition to Michael, Jackson 5's members were Jackie Jackson (Sigmund Jackson's name; born May 4, 1951, Gary), Tattoo Jackson (Toriano Jackson's name; born October 15, 1953, Gary), Jermaine Jackson. (b. December 11, 1954, Gary), and Marilyn Jackson (born March 12, 1957, Gary).

Michael Jackson

And Roll Hall of Fame and Museum (1997) Grammy Award (1995) Grammy Award (1989) Grammy Award (1985) Grammy Award (1984) Grammy Award (1983) Grammy Award (1979) ...

Barry Gordy, Jr., president of Motown Records, was impressed with the group and signed it in 1969. With the highest fashion, the greatest talent, the fastest choreography, and a young, soulful enthusiasm, Jackson 5 became an instant success. He scored four consecutive number one pop hits in 1970 with "I Want You Back", "ABC", "The Love You Save" and "I'll Be There". Michael topped the pop charts as a solo performer. Ben "and" Rakin 'reached second place with "Robin" and with Jackson 5 producing trend setting dance tracks such as "Dancing Machine", the series of family hit movies for Motown continued until 1975. Michael matured, his voice changed, family tensions arose, and a contract broke down. The group eventually broke up with Motown, moving to Epic Records as Jackson. Jermaine as a solo performer. He lived in Motown and was replaced by his youngest brother, Randy Jackson (fully Steven Randall Jackson; born October 29, 1961). Sister Janet Jackson began her singing career in the early 1980's. However, Michael's solo albums took on a very different status.

Jackson 5

Jackson 5, 1970.

Michael Ochs Archives / Getty Images

Britannica Quiz

80s Music Quiz

The 1980s were a turning point in rock and pop music. And with the founding of MTV in 1981, music videos became one of the most popular and creative forms of musical media. Can you find the famous song of 80's with its artist? Your Reward: Watch all the videos in the explanation of this quiz.

"King of Pop"

Jackson's first solo attempt at Epic, of the Wall (1979) exceeded all expectations and was the best-selling album of the year (it eventually sold over 20 million copies). Produced by industry veteran Quincy Jones, Off the Wall featured the massive international hit singles "Don't Stop 'Till You Get Enough" and "Rock With You", both of which showcased Michael's passionate style. And took advantage of the modern disco dance trend. Three years later, he returned with another collaboration with Jones, Thriller, a Tour de Force that included a string of guest stars and took it to superstardom around the world. Thriller has won several awards, including eight record-breaking Grammys. Has been on the charts for over two years. And sold over 40 million copies, making it the longest-selling album in history. The album's first single, "The Girl from Mine", an easy pairing with Paul McCartney, peaked at number one on the rhythm and blues charts and at number two on the pop charts in the fall of 1982. Follow-up singles, "Billy Jane", a power-generating dance track, and Jackson's trademark "Moon Walk" car for dance, topped the pop charts, as did "Beat It", featuring famous guitarist Eddie Van Helen. An endless solo was presented. In addition, "Beat It" helped break the artificial barrier between black and white artists on the radio and in the emerging format of music videos on television.

Michael Jackson

Michael Jackson in his music video for "Cat Jane", which debuted on MTV in 1983.

Eugene Adibari / Shutterstock.com

Michael Jackson

Michael Jackson, 1984.

Until 1984, Jackson was known worldwide as the "King of Pop". His much-anticipated Victory Reunion Tour with his brothers was one of the most famous concert events of 1984. In 1985, Jackson and Lionel Richie wrote "VR the World", a single signed for USA for Africa, an All-Star project aimed at famine. Relief More Solo Albums - Bad (1987), which made five chart-topping successes (including the title song and "Man in the Mirror"), and Dangerous (1991), most of which featured New Jack swing sensation Teddy Riley. Were prepared Strengthened Jackson's dominance over pop music. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2001. Jackson 5 was added in 1997.

Michael Jackson

Michael Jackson performing with his brothers during the Victory Reunion Tour, Los Angeles, 1984.

Michael Jackson

Michael Jackson performing during the Super Bowl XXVII, 1993 Half Time Show.

Michael Jackson

Michael Jackson, 1996.

Phil Walter - Hilton Archives / Getty Images

Allegations of child molestation, financial hardship and death

Jackson's whimsical, isolated lifestyle became increasingly controversial in the early 1990's. Her reputation was severely damaged in 1993 when she was accused of child abuse by a 13-year-old boy with whom she was friends. The civil case was decided out of court. In 1994, Jackson secretly married Lisa Marie Presley, daughter of Elvis Presley, but their marriage lasted less than two years. Soon after, Jackson remarried, and the marriage produced children, although it ended in divorce. When he was an international celebrity, the United States was slow to restore his image, and he suffered even more damage in November 2003 when he was arrested and charged with child abuse. ۔ Jackson was acquitted in 2005 after a 14-week trial that became part of the media circus.

Michael Jackson

Michael Jackson shakes hands with fans after being acquitted in a 2005 child abuse case.

Win / Getty Images

As a result of these events, Jackson suffered a financial catastrophe that resulted in the sale of many of his notable assets, including, ultimately, his magnificent Newland farm. He was preparing for a series of high-profile concerts that he hoped would make a comeback when he died suddenly of a heart attack on June 25, 2009 - resulting in a blow to his fans. A wave of grief swept over him, culminating in a memorial service for his life and legacy. July 7 at the Staples Center in Los Angeles, where friends like Steve Wonder, Barry Gordy, Jr., Brooke Shields, and El Sharpton pay tribute. In August 2009, the coroner declared Jackson's death a homicide. The reason was a deadly combination of sedatives and propofol, an anesthetic. In November 2011, Jackson's personal physician was found guilty of involuntary manslaughter.

The documentary This Is It, obtained from over 100 hours of footage compiled during rehearsals for the engagement of Jackson's scheduled 50 concert returns to London, premiered in October 2009. In 2009, Jackson's 14-minute music video "Thriller" (1983), directed by John Lands, was added to the Library of Congress's National Film Registry, the first music video to receive such an award. Later documentaries included Leung Newland (2019), which focuses on two men who allege that Jackson sexually abused them when they were children.

Ricky Vincent

Editors of the Encyclopedia Britannica

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